±Recent Visitors

Recent Visitors to Com-Central!

±User Info-big


Welcome Anonymous

Nickname
Password

Membership:
Latest: cgsimpson
New Today: 0
New Yesterday: 0
Overall: 6645

People Online:
Members: 0
Visitors: 605
Total: 605
Who Is Where:
 Visitors:
01: Community Forums
02: Downloads
03: Home
04: Photo Gallery
05: Community Forums
06: Home
07: Community Forums
08: Downloads
09: Photo Gallery
10: Photo Gallery
11: Home
12: Community Forums
13: Community Forums
14: Home
15: Community Forums
16: Community Forums
17: Community Forums
18: Community Forums
19: Photo Gallery
20: Community Forums
21: Community Forums
22: Community Forums
23: Member Screenshots
24: Community Forums
25: Photo Gallery
26: Photo Gallery
27: Downloads
28: Community Forums
29: Community Forums
30: Member Screenshots
31: Photo Gallery
32: Your Account
33: Community Forums
34: Member Screenshots
35: Home
36: Community Forums
37: Community Forums
38: Downloads
39: Community Forums
40: Home
41: Home
42: Downloads
43: Community Forums
44: Community Forums
45: Community Forums
46: Community Forums
47: Community Forums
48: Community Forums
49: Photo Gallery
50: Photo Gallery
51: Community Forums
52: Community Forums
53: Community Forums
54: News Archive
55: Photo Gallery
56: Community Forums
57: Home
58: Photo Gallery
59: Downloads
60: Community Forums
61: Community Forums
62: Community Forums
63: Photo Gallery
64: Community Forums
65: Home
66: Photo Gallery
67: Community Forums
68: Photo Gallery
69: Community Forums
70: Community Forums
71: Photo Gallery
72: Photo Gallery
73: Community Forums
74: Community Forums
75: Community Forums
76: Member Screenshots
77: Home
78: Community Forums
79: Community Forums
80: Community Forums
81: Community Forums
82: Community Forums
83: Community Forums
84: Community Forums
85: Community Forums
86: Home
87: Photo Gallery
88: Community Forums
89: Community Forums
90: Community Forums
91: Photo Gallery
92: Community Forums
93: Home
94: Community Forums
95: Community Forums
96: Community Forums
97: Community Forums
98: Home
99: Your Account
100: Home
101: Home
102: Home
103: Home
104: Community Forums
105: Community Forums
106: Downloads
107: Community Forums
108: Home
109: Member Screenshots
110: Photo Gallery
111: Home
112: Home
113: Community Forums
114: Community Forums
115: Community Forums
116: Community Forums
117: Community Forums
118: Community Forums
119: Community Forums
120: Community Forums
121: Community Forums
122: Home
123: Community Forums
124: Community Forums
125: Community Forums
126: Member Screenshots
127: Community Forums
128: CPGlang
129: Your Account
130: Photo Gallery
131: Community Forums
132: Community Forums
133: Community Forums
134: Community Forums
135: Photo Gallery
136: CPGlang
137: Community Forums
138: Your Account
139: Downloads
140: Photo Gallery
141: Community Forums
142: Community Forums
143: Community Forums
144: Photo Gallery
145: Community Forums
146: Downloads
147: Community Forums
148: Community Forums
149: Community Forums
150: Community Forums
151: Community Forums
152: Community Forums
153: Community Forums
154: Photo Gallery
155: Downloads
156: News
157: Community Forums
158: Community Forums
159: Community Forums
160: Community Forums
161: Photo Gallery
162: Downloads
163: Community Forums
164: Photo Gallery
165: Community Forums
166: Community Forums
167: Community Forums
168: CPGlang
169: Community Forums
170: Home
171: Community Forums
172: Community Forums
173: Community Forums
174: Community Forums
175: Community Forums
176: Member Screenshots
177: Community Forums
178: Your Account
179: Your Account
180: Community Forums
181: Community Forums
182: Photo Gallery
183: Community Forums
184: Community Forums
185: Community Forums
186: Member Screenshots
187: Home
188: Member Screenshots
189: Community Forums
190: CPGlang
191: Home
192: Photo Gallery
193: Photo Gallery
194: Community Forums
195: Photo Gallery
196: Community Forums
197: Community Forums
198: Community Forums
199: Community Forums
200: Community Forums
201: Photo Gallery
202: Member Screenshots
203: Photo Gallery
204: Home
205: Community Forums
206: Community Forums
207: Community Forums
208: Community Forums
209: Photo Gallery
210: Community Forums
211: Home
212: Community Forums
213: Home
214: Community Forums
215: Community Forums
216: Community Forums
217: Community Forums
218: Community Forums
219: Photo Gallery
220: Photo Gallery
221: Photo Gallery
222: Community Forums
223: Community Forums
224: Photo Gallery
225: Community Forums
226: Community Forums
227: Photo Gallery
228: Community Forums
229: Photo Gallery
230: Community Forums
231: Community Forums
232: Community Forums
233: Statistics
234: Community Forums
235: Community Forums
236: Community Forums
237: Community Forums
238: Community Forums
239: Photo Gallery
240: Statistics
241: Home
242: Community Forums
243: Home
244: Home
245: Community Forums
246: Your Account
247: Community Forums
248: Community Forums
249: Community Forums
250: Community Forums
251: Photo Gallery
252: Community Forums
253: Community Forums
254: Your Account
255: Community Forums
256: Photo Gallery
257: Community Forums
258: Home
259: Community Forums
260: Community Forums
261: Community Forums
262: Community Forums
263: Home
264: Photo Gallery
265: Photo Gallery
266: Home
267: Photo Gallery
268: Community Forums
269: Community Forums
270: Photo Gallery
271: Community Forums
272: Community Forums
273: Community Forums
274: Community Forums
275: Community Forums
276: Community Forums
277: Community Forums
278: Photo Gallery
279: Photo Gallery
280: Community Forums
281: Your Account
282: Community Forums
283: Community Forums
284: Community Forums
285: Community Forums
286: Community Forums
287: Community Forums
288: Photo Gallery
289: Community Forums
290: Community Forums
291: Your Account
292: CPGlang
293: Community Forums
294: Community Forums
295: Community Forums
296: Community Forums
297: Community Forums
298: Your Account
299: Home
300: Community Forums
301: Community Forums
302: Community Forums
303: Community Forums
304: Member Screenshots
305: Home
306: Community Forums
307: Member Screenshots
308: Community Forums
309: Community Forums
310: Home
311: Photo Gallery
312: Community Forums
313: Home
314: Community Forums
315: CPGlang
316: Photo Gallery
317: Photo Gallery
318: Community Forums
319: Community Forums
320: Community Forums
321: Community Forums
322: Community Forums
323: Member Screenshots
324: Community Forums
325: Community Forums
326: Photo Gallery
327: Home
328: Community Forums
329: Community Forums
330: Photo Gallery
331: Community Forums
332: Community Forums
333: Community Forums
334: Home
335: Downloads
336: Community Forums
337: CPGlang
338: Community Forums
339: Member Screenshots
340: Community Forums
341: Community Forums
342: Home
343: Community Forums
344: Community Forums
345: Photo Gallery
346: Community Forums
347: CPGlang
348: Community Forums
349: Community Forums
350: Photo Gallery
351: Community Forums
352: Home
353: Community Forums
354: Community Forums
355: Community Forums
356: Community Forums
357: Community Forums
358: Community Forums
359: Community Forums
360: Community Forums
361: Community Forums
362: Downloads
363: Community Forums
364: Community Forums
365: Downloads
366: Community Forums
367: Community Forums
368: Community Forums
369: Community Forums
370: Community Forums
371: Community Forums
372: Community Forums
373: Home
374: Community Forums
375: Photo Gallery
376: Community Forums
377: Community Forums
378: Photo Gallery
379: Your Account
380: Community Forums
381: Photo Gallery
382: Community Forums
383: Home
384: Community Forums
385: Community Forums
386: Community Forums
387: Photo Gallery
388: Home
389: Community Forums
390: Community Forums
391: Photo Gallery
392: Member Screenshots
393: Photo Gallery
394: Community Forums
395: Home
396: Community Forums
397: Community Forums
398: Community Forums
399: Community Forums
400: Community Forums
401: Community Forums
402: Community Forums
403: Community Forums
404: Community Forums
405: Home
406: Community Forums
407: Community Forums
408: Photo Gallery
409: Community Forums
410: Community Forums
411: Community Forums
412: Community Forums
413: Home
414: Home
415: Community Forums
416: Community Forums
417: Community Forums
418: Member Screenshots
419: Home
420: Photo Gallery
421: Community Forums
422: Community Forums
423: Community Forums
424: Community Forums
425: Community Forums
426: News
427: Photo Gallery
428: Community Forums
429: Photo Gallery
430: Community Forums
431: Photo Gallery
432: Community Forums
433: Community Forums
434: Community Forums
435: Community Forums
436: Community Forums
437: Community Forums
438: Your Account
439: Photo Gallery
440: Home
441: Community Forums
442: Home
443: Community Forums
444: Community Forums
445: Home
446: Community Forums
447: Community Forums
448: Community Forums
449: Community Forums
450: Photo Gallery
451: Community Forums
452: CPGlang
453: Photo Gallery
454: Community Forums
455: Your Account
456: Member Screenshots
457: Community Forums
458: Community Forums
459: Home
460: CPGlang
461: Your Account
462: Photo Gallery
463: CPGlang
464: Community Forums
465: Community Forums
466: Your Account
467: Community Forums
468: CPGlang
469: Community Forums
470: Downloads
471: Community Forums
472: Community Forums
473: Community Forums
474: Your Account
475: Community Forums
476: News Archive
477: Community Forums
478: Community Forums
479: News Archive
480: Community Forums
481: Community Forums
482: Community Forums
483: Community Forums
484: Community Forums
485: Community Forums
486: Community Forums
487: Community Forums
488: Your Account
489: Home
490: Photo Gallery
491: Community Forums
492: Community Forums
493: Community Forums
494: Home
495: Photo Gallery
496: Community Forums
497: Community Forums
498: Community Forums
499: Community Forums
500: Community Forums
501: Community Forums
502: Community Forums
503: Photo Gallery
504: Community Forums
505: Photo Gallery
506: Community Forums
507: Community Forums
508: Home
509: Community Forums
510: Home
511: Community Forums
512: Community Forums
513: Community Forums
514: Home
515: Community Forums
516: Community Forums
517: Photo Gallery
518: Home
519: Community Forums
520: Community Forums
521: Community Forums
522: Community Forums
523: Photo Gallery
524: Home
525: Community Forums
526: Community Forums
527: Community Forums
528: Community Forums
529: Community Forums
530: Community Forums
531: Home
532: Community Forums
533: Community Forums
534: Community Forums
535: Community Forums
536: Community Forums
537: Photo Gallery
538: Your Account
539: Your Account
540: Community Forums
541: Community Forums
542: Photo Gallery
543: Home
544: Community Forums
545: Community Forums
546: Community Forums
547: Community Forums
548: Community Forums
549: Photo Gallery
550: Community Forums
551: Community Forums
552: Photo Gallery
553: Community Forums
554: Community Forums
555: Home
556: Community Forums
557: Home
558: Community Forums
559: Community Forums
560: Community Forums
561: Community Forums
562: Community Forums
563: Community Forums
564: Community Forums
565: Photo Gallery
566: Community Forums
567: Community Forums
568: Community Forums
569: News Archive
570: Photo Gallery
571: Community Forums
572: Home
573: Community Forums
574: Home
575: Community Forums
576: Photo Gallery
577: Downloads
578: Community Forums
579: Community Forums
580: Community Forums
581: Downloads
582: Photo Gallery
583: Your Account
584: Home
585: Photo Gallery
586: Photo Gallery
587: Photo Gallery
588: Community Forums
589: Community Forums
590: Community Forums
591: Community Forums
592: Community Forums
593: Community Forums
594: Community Forums
595: Your Account
596: Your Account
597: Your Account
598: Community Forums
599: Community Forums
600: Your Account
601: Community Forums
602: Community Forums
603: Community Forums
604: Community Forums
605: Community Forums

Staff Online:

No staff members are online!
New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?) :: Archived
A general meeting place for all pilots!
Post new topic    Revive this topic    Printer Friendly Page     Forum Index ›  Officer's Club

Topic Archived View previous topic :: View next topic  
Author Message
HF_SlowHand
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Aug 27, 2005
Posts: 767
Location: Meeechigan
PostPosted: Fri Apr 27, 2007 8:47 pm
Post subject: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

n2amotors.com/cars.htm

_________________
I deny everything
I lie about everything
And everything I deny
Is a lie!
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Visit poster's website
Shades
Forum Tree-Rat

Offline Offline
Joined: Mar 07, 2005
Posts: 6473
Location: 3rd Branch up, 'Ye Olde Oak', Green Wood.
PostPosted: Fri Apr 27, 2007 8:56 pm
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

I'd like to say it looks nice, and I'd like to say that I like it....

Razz

_________________
Skwerl's place.

Com-Central's cutest, fluffiest, twitchiest, tail.
CPU > Intel i9-9900k (o/c 4.9GHz); COOLING > BeQuiet! Dark Rock Pro 4;
MOBO > ASUS PRIME Z390-A; RAM > 2x32GB Corsair LPX 2666MHz;
GPU > Gigabyte GEFORCE GTX650Ti PCI-e 3.0 2Gb GDDR5;
AUDIO > Creative X-Fi Xtreme Music (plus - Universal Audio UAD2 Quad Custom accelerator);
HDD > 3x1TB+ M.2. SSDs; LCD > DELL - S2419HGF (1920x1080);
PSU > 650W be quiet Straight Power 11 - 80+ Gold;
CASE > BeQuiet! SILENT BASE 601; OS > Windows 11 Home Advanced (64-bit).
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website ICQ Number
Shadow_Banshee
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Feb 03, 2005
Posts: 575

PostPosted: Fri Apr 27, 2007 9:35 pm
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

spray it black slap a yellow bat on it n its not so bad!

_________________
Lay me place and bake me Pie
I'm starving for me Gravy
Back to top
View user's profile
HF_SlowHand
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Aug 27, 2005
Posts: 767
Location: Meeechigan
PostPosted: Sat Apr 28, 2007 4:08 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

oh soo harsh.... Ouch!

I hope you aint the guys who like 'them lil cars' that sound like a kawasaki motorcycle LOL. . .


Personally having owned 62, 63, 64, 66 impala SS's, 69 Z28, 74 duster and a 95 Z28 convertible... I will admit I am a fool for the old ones...

Dont you guys think the cars made today look a little too much alike?

_________________
I deny everything
I lie about everything
And everything I deny
Is a lie!
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Visit poster's website
Shades
Forum Tree-Rat

Offline Offline
Joined: Mar 07, 2005
Posts: 6473
Location: 3rd Branch up, 'Ye Olde Oak', Green Wood.
PostPosted: Sat Apr 28, 2007 10:08 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

- HF_SlowHand
Dont you guys think the cars made today look a little too much alike?
Some do, some don't.
I like oldies too but dat one looks as though it's been over-restored and it hasn't really worked for me. Might be the colours.

Anyway, as I wuz saying, not all new cars look the same...



Twisted Evil Mr. Green Cool Razz


_________________
Skwerl's place.

Com-Central's cutest, fluffiest, twitchiest, tail.
CPU > Intel i9-9900k (o/c 4.9GHz); COOLING > BeQuiet! Dark Rock Pro 4;
MOBO > ASUS PRIME Z390-A; RAM > 2x32GB Corsair LPX 2666MHz;
GPU > Gigabyte GEFORCE GTX650Ti PCI-e 3.0 2Gb GDDR5;
AUDIO > Creative X-Fi Xtreme Music (plus - Universal Audio UAD2 Quad Custom accelerator);
HDD > 3x1TB+ M.2. SSDs; LCD > DELL - S2419HGF (1920x1080);
PSU > 650W be quiet Straight Power 11 - 80+ Gold;
CASE > BeQuiet! SILENT BASE 601; OS > Windows 11 Home Advanced (64-bit).
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website ICQ Number
HF_SlowHand
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Aug 27, 2005
Posts: 767
Location: Meeechigan
PostPosted: Sat Apr 28, 2007 2:24 pm
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

your right - I wouldnt order the 789 (or 5 to 1) but I like custom cars... and I always hope a radical custom shop will spur creative life and blood into our "big three" here in the states (Shades I drive a timeless classic, a 94 suburban LOL along with a '95 Z28 convertible in the summer that is a lot of fun and although it (Z) looks good from the front it is pretty boring to look at)... it aint right I tell ya

_________________
I deny everything
I lie about everything
And everything I deny
Is a lie!
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Visit poster's website
Shadow_Banshee
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Feb 03, 2005
Posts: 575

PostPosted: Sun Apr 29, 2007 12:24 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

I must admit to prefering european models at the minute , not to say i dont like the classic look or custom style in the USA some look cool, but having hired many cars over there i believe euro build quality slightly better too.
I think Fords idea of shipping over some euro built and designed models reflects this, building the fiesta to euro spec over there seems to be going ahead too, the sameness of cars in usa is prolly due to jap imports that sell real good there at the minute, i'm guessing every other car is a toyota?

only problem i can see with euro fords etc is the size issue, mondeo here is classed as a big car, over there maybe a medium, www.carbodydesign.com/...o-concept/

US car comps need to compete with the japs and maybe crossover design with partner companies abroad, i cant see the Ford deal of shipping over Euro built cars being proffitable with the current exchange rates, but it may kick some life into the whole deal.. www.motorauthority.com...to-the-us/

heres the car i like most at the min uk.cars.ign.com/articl...633p1.html but the only time i could afford that is when i'm dead in me box!

Dump the Taurus,edge and fusion redesign or cross over models is my advice to Ford.

_________________
Lay me place and bake me Pie
I'm starving for me Gravy
Back to top
View user's profile
HF_SlowHand
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Aug 27, 2005
Posts: 767
Location: Meeechigan
PostPosted: Sun Apr 29, 2007 12:46 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

Ahhhh that is one sweet Audi for sure... fords eh?...
let me throw you a curve ball, how about a euro-built GM car?


One of the Hellfighters in the uK promised to give me a ride in his vauxhall that would make me ill if (when) i come over... images.google.com/imgr...n%26sa%3DN

_________________
I deny everything
I lie about everything
And everything I deny
Is a lie!


Last edited by HF_SlowHand on Sun Apr 29, 2007 12:50 am; edited 1 time in total
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Visit poster's website
HF_SlowHand
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Aug 27, 2005
Posts: 767
Location: Meeechigan
PostPosted: Sun Apr 29, 2007 12:49 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

I should mention my Surname is Button, so by the Cross of St. George the family name is in F1 racing at least LOL...

_________________
I deny everything
I lie about everything
And everything I deny
Is a lie!
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Visit poster's website
Shadow_Banshee
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Feb 03, 2005
Posts: 575

PostPosted: Sun Apr 29, 2007 8:14 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

ah f1 thats another story lol , www.opel.com/brand_sit...flash.html GM could do the same too this would go down nice with a few ppl over there i guess.
I recall my first visit to the US in the early 80s and thinking how far foward design n style was on most cars there compared to UK slabs of metal, at the minute i like euro muscle lines only a matter of time before a total new look with throw itself up i guess..

_________________
Lay me place and bake me Pie
I'm starving for me Gravy
Back to top
View user's profile
Shadow_Bshwackr
Janitor

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 21, 2005
Posts: 7015
Location: Central Illinois, USA
PostPosted: Sun Apr 29, 2007 8:56 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

I used to have a 59 Chevy and thought that original pic was a modified 59. I finally clicked on the link and seen it's a remake ...lol

Looks as if they've combined the 59 back end with a 57 front end. I guess they liked both of those years... Wink

Like Slow, I've had a bunch of US muscle cars and in those days, you could tell the difference immediately between the models. Today's cars at first glance all look about the same and I'm wondering if doesn't have something to do with aerodynamics and designing via the wind tunnels.

Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
Shades
Forum Tree-Rat

Offline Offline
Joined: Mar 07, 2005
Posts: 6473
Location: 3rd Branch up, 'Ye Olde Oak', Green Wood.
PostPosted: Sun Apr 29, 2007 10:06 am
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

Nice Camaro.
My cousin in Toronto had one when he was a teen (the s.o.b.).

The Audi looks nice the first time you see it, probably because it's so different, but, after a while, they look kind of odd. Not saying it's a bad car to drive, just that it doesn't take long to tire of seeing them. They go from interesting to odd in a week.

The VX was GM's copy of a Lotus which has now evolved into a copy of the VX (lol).

Of all the cars shown here, the Opel is the one I think is the purdiest. Retro-roadster with style.

GM/Opel are Vauxhall over here, btw.
I'm not a fan; I managed to somersault one 1.5 revolution through the air (rolled forwards, over the bonnet (hood), and landed on the roof) in my twenties with all my guitars and keyboards in the boot!
Not a happy skwirrell.

Cops breathalised me and the guy said after that he 'couldn't believe I'd managed to do all that sober!'.
He was standing at the back of the car (hatchback) and asked me to open the boot (trunk). Knowing there was a lot of stuff in it, I suggested he back away but he seemed to take this as a threat and refused, moving closer. I gave him another chance then shrugged and opened the boot. The weight of two guitars, three keyboards, a 50w keyboard amp and a 100w Marshall stack easily removed the leg of his trousers (pants) closest to it, the top layer of skin, and damn near took his foot off as well.

My bro's a cop so I usually have some sympathy with them, but this was funny. Wish I'd hadda video of it.

Mr. Green

_________________
Skwerl's place.

Com-Central's cutest, fluffiest, twitchiest, tail.
CPU > Intel i9-9900k (o/c 4.9GHz); COOLING > BeQuiet! Dark Rock Pro 4;
MOBO > ASUS PRIME Z390-A; RAM > 2x32GB Corsair LPX 2666MHz;
GPU > Gigabyte GEFORCE GTX650Ti PCI-e 3.0 2Gb GDDR5;
AUDIO > Creative X-Fi Xtreme Music (plus - Universal Audio UAD2 Quad Custom accelerator);
HDD > 3x1TB+ M.2. SSDs; LCD > DELL - S2419HGF (1920x1080);
PSU > 650W be quiet Straight Power 11 - 80+ Gold;
CASE > BeQuiet! SILENT BASE 601; OS > Windows 11 Home Advanced (64-bit).
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website ICQ Number
JG300-Ascout
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 05, 2005
Posts: 6257
Location: Cyberspace
PostPosted: Tue May 01, 2007 9:02 pm
Post subject: Re: New vintage old stock car (ever seen a 789 or 5 to 1?)

- HF_SlowHand
http://n2amotors.com/cars.htm


Needs lake pipes....with turnouts. Mr. Green

_________________
"All facts go to clearly prove that Shades is a thrice-cursed traitor & mentally deranged person steeped in inveterate enmity toward mankind"
Back to top
View user's profile Photo Gallery
Display posts from previous:   
Post new topic    Revive this topic    Printer Friendly Page    Forum Index ›  Officer's Club
Page 1 of 1
All times are GMT - 6 Hours

Archive Revive
Username:
This is an archived topic - your reply will not be appended here.
Instead, a new topic will be generated in the active forum.
The new topic will provide a reference link to this archived topic.