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JG300-Ascout

See last picture:

www.warship.org/last.htm

I had no idea. Apparently, there were also British efforts to launch from hangar decks as well (in both cases, as a contingency for fouled decks, or need to re-spot aircraft).

bsmart

That same picture is on page 134 of U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History by Norman Friedman has the following caption
" Although earlier U.S. carriers had "double ended" flight decks , The Essexes were the first in which speed astern was a design consideration. Here a TBF Avenger lands over the Yorktown's bow while the carrier steams astern in 1943. Note that the plane could be recovered without disturbing the full load of aircraft parked in the usual takeoff position aft"

The Japanese and British both tried 'stairstepped' forward decks in the early versions of several carriers (Kaga and Akagi come to mind) but these had been replaced with full single flight decks as aircraft speeds increased.

The Essex class originally had an athwartship catapult on the hanger deck. It was eventually replaced by a second flight deck catapult which allowed an additional Aa director position to be placed on the portside sponson designed for the cat. Only six ships actually had the hanger deck cat fitted due to delivery delays (Essex actually had no cats when completed Shocked

)

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