±Recent Visitors

Recent Visitors to Com-Central!

±User Info-big


Welcome Anonymous

Nickname
Password

Membership:
Latest: HighestAce
New Today: 0
New Yesterday: 0
Overall: 6648

People Online:
Members: 0
Visitors: 662
Total: 662
Who Is Where:
 Visitors:
01: Photo Gallery
02: Home
03: Community Forums
04: Community Forums
05: Home
06: Community Forums
07: Downloads
08: Your Account
09: Downloads
10: Photo Gallery
11: Home
12: Community Forums
13: Community Forums
14: Community Forums
15: Community Forums
16: Home
17: Community Forums
18: Home
19: Community Forums
20: Member Screenshots
21: Community Forums
22: Community Forums
23: Community Forums
24: Member Screenshots
25: Member Screenshots
26: Home
27: Community Forums
28: Community Forums
29: Photo Gallery
30: Member Screenshots
31: Community Forums
32: Statistics
33: Member Screenshots
34: Home
35: Your Account
36: Community Forums
37: Photo Gallery
38: News Archive
39: News Archive
40: Member Screenshots
41: Community Forums
42: Community Forums
43: Photo Gallery
44: Photo Gallery
45: Community Forums
46: Community Forums
47: Home
48: Community Forums
49: Home
50: Home
51: Statistics
52: Community Forums
53: Community Forums
54: Home
55: Community Forums
56: Photo Gallery
57: Community Forums
58: Downloads
59: Photo Gallery
60: Community Forums
61: Community Forums
62: Community Forums
63: Home
64: Downloads
65: Community Forums
66: News Archive
67: Community Forums
68: Community Forums
69: Photo Gallery
70: Member Screenshots
71: Community Forums
72: Home
73: Community Forums
74: Member Screenshots
75: Community Forums
76: Community Forums
77: Community Forums
78: Home
79: Community Forums
80: Community Forums
81: Home
82: Home
83: Photo Gallery
84: Community Forums
85: News Archive
86: Photo Gallery
87: Community Forums
88: Member Screenshots
89: Community Forums
90: Community Forums
91: Community Forums
92: Community Forums
93: Home
94: Home
95: Community Forums
96: Community Forums
97: Photo Gallery
98: Home
99: Community Forums
100: Community Forums
101: Photo Gallery
102: Community Forums
103: Home
104: Community Forums
105: Community Forums
106: Member Screenshots
107: Member Screenshots
108: Home
109: Community Forums
110: Community Forums
111: Community Forums
112: Home
113: Member Screenshots
114: Member Screenshots
115: Member Screenshots
116: Community Forums
117: Community Forums
118: Community Forums
119: Community Forums
120: Home
121: Community Forums
122: Community Forums
123: Community Forums
124: Community Forums
125: Community Forums
126: Photo Gallery
127: Community Forums
128: Community Forums
129: Community Forums
130: Community Forums
131: Community Forums
132: Community Forums
133: Community Forums
134: Photo Gallery
135: Home
136: Community Forums
137: Community Forums
138: Community Forums
139: Community Forums
140: Home
141: Community Forums
142: Community Forums
143: Home
144: Community Forums
145: Home
146: Community Forums
147: Community Forums
148: Statistics
149: Community Forums
150: Community Forums
151: Member Screenshots
152: Photo Gallery
153: Community Forums
154: Member Screenshots
155: Community Forums
156: Community Forums
157: Photo Gallery
158: Community Forums
159: Community Forums
160: Community Forums
161: Community Forums
162: Community Forums
163: Downloads
164: Community Forums
165: Community Forums
166: Member Screenshots
167: Community Forums
168: Community Forums
169: Home
170: Community Forums
171: Community Forums
172: Community Forums
173: Community Forums
174: Member Screenshots
175: Community Forums
176: Community Forums
177: Community Forums
178: Community Forums
179: Downloads
180: Community Forums
181: Member Screenshots
182: Member Screenshots
183: Community Forums
184: Community Forums
185: Community Forums
186: Community Forums
187: Photo Gallery
188: Community Forums
189: Photo Gallery
190: Community Forums
191: Community Forums
192: Community Forums
193: Statistics
194: Community Forums
195: News Archive
196: Photo Gallery
197: Community Forums
198: Photo Gallery
199: Community Forums
200: Member Screenshots
201: Photo Gallery
202: Home
203: Community Forums
204: Photo Gallery
205: Member Screenshots
206: Community Forums
207: Community Forums
208: News Archive
209: Downloads
210: Photo Gallery
211: Community Forums
212: Photo Gallery
213: Statistics
214: Member Screenshots
215: Member Screenshots
216: Community Forums
217: Community Forums
218: Home
219: Home
220: News Archive
221: Photo Gallery
222: Downloads
223: Community Forums
224: Community Forums
225: Community Forums
226: Community Forums
227: Community Forums
228: Community Forums
229: Community Forums
230: News Archive
231: Community Forums
232: Community Forums
233: Home
234: Home
235: Home
236: Community Forums
237: Member Screenshots
238: Community Forums
239: Photo Gallery
240: Community Forums
241: Community Forums
242: Photo Gallery
243: Photo Gallery
244: Community Forums
245: Community Forums
246: Photo Gallery
247: Home
248: Community Forums
249: Photo Gallery
250: Community Forums
251: Statistics
252: Community Forums
253: Home
254: Community Forums
255: Community Forums
256: Community Forums
257: Community Forums
258: Downloads
259: Home
260: Community Forums
261: Community Forums
262: Photo Gallery
263: Photo Gallery
264: Home
265: Community Forums
266: Home
267: Community Forums
268: Community Forums
269: Photo Gallery
270: Home
271: Home
272: Photo Gallery
273: Photo Gallery
274: Home
275: Community Forums
276: Community Forums
277: Home
278: Community Forums
279: Downloads
280: Community Forums
281: Community Forums
282: Home
283: Community Forums
284: Community Forums
285: Community Forums
286: Community Forums
287: Community Forums
288: Community Forums
289: Photo Gallery
290: Home
291: Home
292: Home
293: Home
294: Statistics
295: Photo Gallery
296: News Archive
297: Home
298: Community Forums
299: Community Forums
300: Community Forums
301: Community Forums
302: Community Forums
303: Community Forums
304: Photo Gallery
305: Member Screenshots
306: Community Forums
307: Community Forums
308: Community Forums
309: Community Forums
310: Community Forums
311: Photo Gallery
312: Member Screenshots
313: Community Forums
314: Community Forums
315: Community Forums
316: Community Forums
317: Community Forums
318: Photo Gallery
319: Member Screenshots
320: Community Forums
321: Home
322: Community Forums
323: Community Forums
324: Community Forums
325: Community Forums
326: Community Forums
327: Statistics
328: Member Screenshots
329: Community Forums
330: Home
331: Community Forums
332: Photo Gallery
333: Home
334: News Archive
335: Home
336: Home
337: Community Forums
338: Community Forums
339: Community Forums
340: Community Forums
341: Community Forums
342: Community Forums
343: Community Forums
344: Home
345: Community Forums
346: Community Forums
347: Photo Gallery
348: Home
349: Home
350: Community Forums
351: Home
352: Photo Gallery
353: Home
354: Community Forums
355: Community Forums
356: Downloads
357: Home
358: Community Forums
359: Downloads
360: Community Forums
361: Community Forums
362: Community Forums
363: Home
364: Community Forums
365: Downloads
366: Community Forums
367: Community Forums
368: Photo Gallery
369: Community Forums
370: Community Forums
371: News Archive
372: Home
373: Community Forums
374: Community Forums
375: Community Forums
376: Community Forums
377: Community Forums
378: Home
379: Home
380: Photo Gallery
381: Community Forums
382: Community Forums
383: Community Forums
384: Community Forums
385: Downloads
386: Home
387: Community Forums
388: Community Forums
389: Member Screenshots
390: Community Forums
391: Photo Gallery
392: Community Forums
393: Photo Gallery
394: Downloads
395: Home
396: Photo Gallery
397: Community Forums
398: Community Forums
399: Community Forums
400: Community Forums
401: Home
402: Community Forums
403: Community Forums
404: Photo Gallery
405: Community Forums
406: Community Forums
407: Downloads
408: Home
409: Home
410: Home
411: Community Forums
412: Community Forums
413: Member Screenshots
414: Member Screenshots
415: Member Screenshots
416: Community Forums
417: Community Forums
418: Statistics
419: Community Forums
420: Community Forums
421: Community Forums
422: News Archive
423: Community Forums
424: Home
425: Member Screenshots
426: Community Forums
427: Community Forums
428: Downloads
429: Community Forums
430: Downloads
431: Community Forums
432: Community Forums
433: Downloads
434: Member Screenshots
435: Community Forums
436: Community Forums
437: Community Forums
438: Community Forums
439: Home
440: Photo Gallery
441: Community Forums
442: Community Forums
443: Community Forums
444: Community Forums
445: Community Forums
446: Home
447: Community Forums
448: Community Forums
449: News
450: Community Forums
451: Photo Gallery
452: Photo Gallery
453: Community Forums
454: Member Screenshots
455: Community Forums
456: Community Forums
457: News
458: Community Forums
459: Home
460: Community Forums
461: Photo Gallery
462: Photo Gallery
463: Community Forums
464: Member Screenshots
465: Community Forums
466: Member Screenshots
467: Community Forums
468: Photo Gallery
469: Community Forums
470: Community Forums
471: Photo Gallery
472: Community Forums
473: Community Forums
474: Photo Gallery
475: Community Forums
476: Community Forums
477: Photo Gallery
478: Home
479: Home
480: Community Forums
481: Photo Gallery
482: Community Forums
483: Home
484: Community Forums
485: Downloads
486: Photo Gallery
487: Community Forums
488: Community Forums
489: Community Forums
490: Community Forums
491: Community Forums
492: Home
493: Community Forums
494: Home
495: News Archive
496: Community Forums
497: Home
498: Community Forums
499: Home
500: Photo Gallery
501: News Archive
502: Community Forums
503: Downloads
504: Photo Gallery
505: Home
506: Community Forums
507: Photo Gallery
508: Photo Gallery
509: Community Forums
510: Home
511: News Archive
512: Home
513: Community Forums
514: Community Forums
515: Community Forums
516: Home
517: News Archive
518: News Archive
519: Community Forums
520: Downloads
521: Community Forums
522: News
523: Home
524: Home
525: Community Forums
526: Home
527: Community Forums
528: Community Forums
529: Member Screenshots
530: Downloads
531: Community Forums
532: Community Forums
533: Community Forums
534: Community Forums
535: Photo Gallery
536: Community Forums
537: Community Forums
538: Downloads
539: Photo Gallery
540: Community Forums
541: Community Forums
542: Community Forums
543: Home
544: Community Forums
545: Community Forums
546: Member Screenshots
547: Home
548: Community Forums
549: Community Forums
550: Community Forums
551: Member Screenshots
552: Photo Gallery
553: Community Forums
554: Community Forums
555: News Archive
556: Community Forums
557: Community Forums
558: Community Forums
559: Downloads
560: Downloads
561: Photo Gallery
562: Community Forums
563: News Archive
564: Community Forums
565: Community Forums
566: Member Screenshots
567: Photo Gallery
568: Community Forums
569: Home
570: Community Forums
571: Photo Gallery
572: News Archive
573: Community Forums
574: Community Forums
575: Community Forums
576: Photo Gallery
577: Community Forums
578: Member Screenshots
579: Photo Gallery
580: Community Forums
581: Home
582: Community Forums
583: Community Forums
584: News Archive
585: News Archive
586: Community Forums
587: Community Forums
588: Home
589: Member Screenshots
590: Community Forums
591: Community Forums
592: Community Forums
593: Home
594: Statistics
595: Home
596: Photo Gallery
597: Downloads
598: Home
599: Member Screenshots
600: Community Forums
601: Downloads
602: Community Forums
603: Statistics
604: Community Forums
605: Community Forums
606: Community Forums
607: Photo Gallery
608: Community Forums
609: Community Forums
610: Downloads
611: Community Forums
612: Community Forums
613: Community Forums
614: Community Forums
615: Member Screenshots
616: Community Forums
617: Home
618: Photo Gallery
619: Community Forums
620: Community Forums
621: Community Forums
622: Community Forums
623: Statistics
624: Home
625: Home
626: Community Forums
627: Community Forums
628: Photo Gallery
629: Community Forums
630: Community Forums
631: News Archive
632: Community Forums
633: Community Forums
634: Member Screenshots
635: Home
636: Community Forums
637: Community Forums
638: Home
639: Member Screenshots
640: Home
641: Photo Gallery
642: Member Screenshots
643: Community Forums
644: Photo Gallery
645: Photo Gallery
646: Community Forums
647: Community Forums
648: Community Forums
649: Community Forums
650: Downloads
651: Community Forums
652: Photo Gallery
653: Photo Gallery
654: Photo Gallery
655: Downloads
656: Community Forums
657: Home
658: Home
659: Home
660: Community Forums
661: Community Forums
662: Community Forums

Staff Online:

No staff members are online!
Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button.... :: Archived
A general meeting place for all pilots!
Go to page 1, 2  Next
Post new topic    Revive this topic    Printer Friendly Page     Forum Index ›  Officer's Club

Topic Archived View previous topic :: View next topic  
Author Message
Doug_Kibbey
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 23, 2006
Posts: 4678
Location: The Great Satan
PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 3:40 pm
Post subject: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

....OK, "wingy-thing" Guys...give Jeffrey a chance to answer first! Wink

Hint: The answer should be clear as a bell.

Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
SFC_Jeff_Button
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 24, 2006
Posts: 1311
Location: Ft Hood, TX
PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 6:35 pm
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

I'll have Jeffrey get on this later this evening. I have never seen one of these before. Should provide another learning opportunity!

_________________
SFC Jeff Button "High Angle Hell"
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Photo Gallery
Doug_Kibbey
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 23, 2006
Posts: 4678
Location: The Great Satan
PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 6:56 pm
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

OK, then...so...nobody post until Jeffrey gets his shot....'Kay? Wink
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
JG300-Stoopy
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 05, 2005
Posts: 5840
Location: Group W bench
PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 7:06 pm
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

mmmmmfffff..........mmmmhhkkkkyy!

_________________
"Once your reputation is ruined, you can live quite freely."
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
JG300-Ascout
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 05, 2005
Posts: 6257
Location: Cyberspace
PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 7:13 pm
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

- JG300-Stoopy
mmmmmfffff..........mmmmhhkkkkyy!


Easy there, Boss Hawg...give the kid a shot. Have yerself a bowl of strawberries and a good wallah' in the mud and chill....

_________________
"All facts go to clearly prove that Shades is a thrice-cursed traitor & mentally deranged person steeped in inveterate enmity toward mankind"
Back to top
View user's profile Photo Gallery
Uhu_Fledermaus
Aircraft Demolition Expert

Offline Offline
Joined: Nov 28, 2004
Posts: 4369
Location: Blaricum, The Netherlands ~GMT+1
PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 8:35 pm
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

mmbmlllmmmbbbbbllmmmmbbbllllllll.....................................

keeping a tight lid on it Boss Hawg.............
Back to top
View user's profile ICQ Number MSN Messenger Photo Gallery
Jeffrey_Button
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Feb 16, 2006
Posts: 60
Location: Killeen,Tx
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 2:25 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....


Left, the Bell FM-1 Airacuda was designed around two 37mm M4 cannon in the engine nacelles and their gunnery control system. [26]
The most famous example of such a fighter is the Bell FM-1 Airacuda, a twin-engined aircraft first flown in 1937. The FM-1 was a low-wing monoplane with pusher propellers, driven by turbosupercharged Allison V-1710 engines. This arrangement left room for a 37mm M4 cannon in the nose of each engine nacelle, hydraulically controlled, with a coaxial machinegun to assist in aiming. A gunner in the nose of the FM-1 used a Sperry autopilot, a fire control system originally developed for anti-aircraft cannon, and an optical sight to aim these weapons. Impressive it was, but nobody could find a real need for it, or invent the tactics for its use; and the FM-1 faded into obscurity. There were attempts to revive the concept, for example the British Vickers 414, armed with a 40mm Vickers S cannon, but they remained paper designs.
Your right it was as clear as a BELL!!!!!!!!

_________________
Jeffrey Button, aka "LiL-J"
Back to top
View user's profile
Doug_Kibbey
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 23, 2006
Posts: 4678
Location: The Great Satan
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 2:30 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

Right on! Good job! Here is the assessment from Walter Boyne's site, where I found this:

www.air-boyne.com/images_e.htm

The Bell Airacuda was a brilliant attempt by Bell to break into the airplane business by building something different--a long range multi-place interceptor. The great Ben Kelsey was behind the airplane, and did the first test flights, just as he did with the P-38. He was a Lieutenant at the time, but had more authority than many generals do today. The Airacuda looked good, but it had too much drag, the engines were almost impossible to keep cool, and escape in an emergency would be problematical. Most went out of service with a handful of hours logged. Ben was a good friend of mine later in life, and a fund of information.
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
Jeffrey_Button
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Feb 16, 2006
Posts: 60
Location: Killeen,Tx
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 2:41 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

I found it by going Google with "Bell bombers". my dad helped with the clues but I did the rest.

_________________
Jeffrey Button, aka "LiL-J"
Back to top
View user's profile
JG300-Stoopy
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 05, 2005
Posts: 5840
Location: Group W bench
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 2:55 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

.....bbwwaaaaaaahhhhHHH!!!! (gasps for air)

Well done there, Jeffrey!!

(churning guitar intro)....

So, this ain’t the end -
I saw you again - todaaaaayyyyyy
I had to turn my heart away

Smiled like the sun -
Kisses for real
And tales - it never fails!

You lying so low in the weeds,
I bet you gonna ambush me,
You’d have me down, down, down, down, on my knees

Now wouldn’t you.........Airacuda!!!!!


OK well the song is abit before your time......your dad'll get it tho...maybe.... just ask him what band Ann and Nancy Wilson were in...unless you care to guess that too?:D



_________________
"Once your reputation is ruined, you can live quite freely."
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
SFC_Jeff_Button
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 24, 2006
Posts: 1311
Location: Ft Hood, TX
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 3:45 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

This is Jeffrey's dad, The Wilsons huh? Lets see..... Barracuda came out in 1977 when I was in 8th grade. Heart was and is a great group. At the time I was into KISS, and "Seriously" into Boston who had released their first album in 1976. I still carry that CD in my truck today. I roll up the windows to not annoy the neighbors and I crank that volume to max for Boston. I also like Led Zep, Rush, Pink Floyd, Molly Hatchet, The Dead, ( I'm a pseudo Dead-Head),etc... They just dont make rock like they used to.

_________________
SFC Jeff Button "High Angle Hell"
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Photo Gallery
Doug_Kibbey
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 23, 2006
Posts: 4678
Location: The Great Satan
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 4:02 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

- SFC_Jeff_Button
Lets see..... Barracuda came out in 1977 when I was in 8th grade


OK, now I'm sure of it, I really hate 'im.

Laughing
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website Photo Gallery
SFC_Jeff_Button
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 24, 2006
Posts: 1311
Location: Ft Hood, TX
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 4:47 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

Doug, dont be a hater!!! haha.

_________________
SFC Jeff Button "High Angle Hell"
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Photo Gallery
Shades
Forum Tree-Rat

Offline Offline
Joined: Mar 07, 2005
Posts: 6475
Location: 3rd Branch up, 'Ye Olde Oak', Green Wood.
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 10:31 am
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

Ahhhhhhhhhhhhh memories!
I saw Boston at The Rainbow Theatre in Finsbury Park, London in about 1978 during the Don't Look Back Tour.
They still weren't very well known here and I'd bought the tickets after hearing one of the tracks in a [i]"record shop"[i].
Cost me £15.00 each (at the time about $4 to $45.
Someone offered me £250.00 for them as we were going through the doors.
The Rainbow, despite having HUGE street cred. (Hendrix set light to his guitar there, Queen, Genesis, everyone played there), was a small venue. Inside there was room for maybe 12-1500 people seated.
It was HEAVING and the band were brilliant.
They sounded exactly the same as their records. Note perfect, even the musical effects were spot on. And this in the days when someone miming would have had their legs pulled off.

The Rainbow' a church now.
Some might say it's a shame. Some might say it's appropriate.
Smile

Jeff, if you're ever in the U.K., my old C.O. (EURO_ACBrit1) performs with a band called 'ShineOn'. They're generally recognised as the top Floyd Tribute band and just starting to get press and t.v. coverage.

_________________
Skwerl's place.

Com-Central's cutest, fluffiest, twitchiest, tail.
CPU > Intel i9-9900k (o/c 4.9GHz); COOLING > BeQuiet! Dark Rock Pro 4;
MOBO > ASUS PRIME Z390-A; RAM > 2x32GB Corsair LPX 2666MHz;
GPU > Gigabyte GEFORCE GTX650Ti PCI-e 3.0 2Gb GDDR5;
AUDIO > Creative X-Fi Xtreme Music (plus - Universal Audio UAD2 Quad Custom accelerator);
HDD > 3x1TB+ M.2. SSDs; LCD > DELL - S2419HGF (1920x1080);
PSU > 650W be quiet Straight Power 11 - 80+ Gold;
CASE > BeQuiet! SILENT BASE 601; OS > Windows 11 Home Advanced (64-bit).
Back to top
View user's profile Visit poster's website ICQ Number
SFC_Jeff_Button
Power User

Offline Offline
Joined: Jan 24, 2006
Posts: 1311
Location: Ft Hood, TX
PostPosted: Tue Mar 07, 2006 11:25 pm
Post subject: Re: Mystery plane for Jeffrey Button....

I saw a P Floyd tribute band back in 86-87 that I think was called "First Light", they were REAL good as well. They played at Ohio University in Athens Ohio. My first concert was new England, UFO, and Cheap Trick all together. I saw P.Floyd at the Cleveland Colisium in 87. Grateful Dead at Legend Valley (might have a new name now) in 1988, awsome show! Worst show ever was Ted Nugents "Intensity in Ten Cities" tour. He passed out on stage in the middle of Wango Tango. Band kept playing and as he slowly got up he started singing Cat Scratch Fever instead. Lots of Booing, sad, I like Ted.

_________________
SFC Jeff Button "High Angle Hell"
Back to top
View user's profile Send e-mail Photo Gallery
Display posts from previous:   
Post new topic    Revive this topic    Printer Friendly Page    Forum Index ›  Officer's Club
Page 1 of 2
All times are GMT - 6 Hours
Go to page 1, 2  Next

Archive Revive
Username:
This is an archived topic - your reply will not be appended here.
Instead, a new topic will be generated in the active forum.
The new topic will provide a reference link to this archived topic.